Topic

Clinical Genetics

Consumer DNA tests are educational, not diagnostic — but the data they generate often becomes the starting point for a clinical conversation. These articles cover when and how to bring genetic findings to a physician or genetic counselor, what consumer arrays can and can't reliably detect, and the situations where clinical-grade testing is the right next step.

11 articles

Illustration contrasting some people showing a neutral trait with different degrees of the trait among affected people

clinical genetics

Penetrance vs Expressivity: The Difference

Learn how genetic penetrance differs from variable expressivity, why both depend on context, and what a consumer raw DNA file cannot tell you alone.

October 20, 2026 · 4 min read

Fictional raw DNA row beside a penetrance diagram showing some carriers expressing a trait and others not

clinical genetics

Genetic Penetrance: What a DNA Variant Can Mean

Learn what genetic penetrance means, why a variant may not lead to a trait, and how to review raw DNA findings without overreading them.

October 10, 2026 · 5 min read

raw dna

Genetic Variants: What Raw DNA Files Can Show

Learn what genetic variants are, how they appear in raw DNA files, and why a marker, genotype, and clinical interpretation are separate things.

October 9, 2026 · 5 min read

Teaching example linking fictional genotype inputs to an 80th-percentile ranking and checks for model, reference population and validation

polygenic risk

Polygenic Risk Score: How to Read a DNA Risk Estimate

Understand polygenic risk scores, percentiles, ancestry limits and raw DNA requirements, with a checklist for evaluating a report before acting on it.

October 8, 2026 · 6 min read

Five variant classification categories with uncertain significance highlighted on an illustrative report.

clinical genetics

Variant of Uncertain Significance: Reading a VUS Result

Understand what a VUS means, why a database match is not a diagnosis, and which questions to take to the clinician or laboratory reviewing your result.

September 8, 2026 · 4 min read

Editorial illustration showing two distinct icons (a chat bubble and a stethoscope) connected by an arrow indicating complementary roles

clinical genetics

AI DNA Analysis vs Genetic Counseling

AI DNA analysis and genetic counseling answer different questions. Learn when each fits, where the line is, and how to use them together.

May 7, 2026 · 7 min read

Editorial illustration of a DNA strand with two magnifying glasses showing the difference between curated and full-coverage analysis

snps explained

23andMe vs Independent DNA Analysis: What You Get

Compare 23andMe reports with independent raw DNA analysis: coverage, health-report limits, price logic, clinician handoff, and when a second look is worth it.

May 1, 2026 · 8 min read

Editorial illustration of a clinical folder with DNA glyph next to a stethoscope on a calm desk

clinical genetics

Bringing Genetic Results to Your Doctor: A Prep Guide

A 15-minute appointment can't absorb a 600,000-row raw DNA file. Here is how to prep a clean, structured genetic handoff your clinician can actually act on in the room.

May 1, 2026 · 6 min read

Editorial illustration of a long DNA helix with a single highlighted center segment, the rest fading subtly

clinical genetics

Limits of Consumer DNA Testing: What It Can't Tell You

Consumer DNA tests look at a few hundred thousand positions, not your full genome. Here is what they reliably catch, what they miss, and when clinical-grade testing matters.

May 1, 2026 · 6 min read

Editorial illustration of a DNA file inside a transparent shield with a padlock, surrounded by soft botanical accents

clinical genetics

Raw DNA Data Privacy: What Happens After You Upload

Genetic data is the most personal data you have. Here is exactly what GenoSight does with your raw DNA file — encryption, access, what is sent to AI, and deletion.

May 1, 2026 · 6 min read

Editorial illustration of a central DNA helix with four primary-source icons — book, database, microscope, document — in a constellation

clinical genetics

GenoSight Data Sources: ClinVar, PharmGKB, GWAS, PubMed

Every GenoSight finding traces back to a primary source. Here is what ClinVar, GWAS Catalog, PharmGKB, and PubMed are — and why the source choice matters for trust.

May 1, 2026 · 6 min read